a Letter that he has to visit a hospital for an injection is NOT enough, He must have a letter from the hospital that he is not fit to travel.
Without a reason of rejection and the reason why he has a Non Immigrant O visa, if he can not meet the requirements for a new 1 year stay, the only option is leave the country.
2. Best option is to apply for 1 of you in Germany for the Non Immigrant O visa based on being ovr 50 years of age and for the partner the Non Immigrant O visa based on being dependent of a foreigner with a long stay
There are different ways to register that you reside at an address in Thailand.
The house owner or landlord or the one you pay rent, can use the on line service mentioned on the website from Immigration under TM30 or download from there the app for Android or apple device.
Alternative is a visit to Immigration, by you and landlord with your passport and departure card and his ID card and Blue Housebook to fill in the so called TM30 form and register you