This group is for ANY questions or problems expats have living or traveling in Thailand. This is denoted by the phrase "and everything else", as to not confuse people into thinking only visa questions are acceptable here.
I've never seen someone without a degree get a workpermit. Some places were able to hire foreigners with different titles like "consultants" that were supposed to be non teaching positions, but never as teachers.
The fine for overstays less than 24 hours is waved, and the stamp in your passport says "overstay less than 24 hours" if they put it in there at all. I wouldn't worry about it personally.
Law requires a bachelors degree to teach in Thailand, and a Master degree for a foreigner to teach at a university. Other jobs don't have an educational requirement by the MOL, teaching does though.