I have read through this thread. Somethings to consider.
A) Find an immigration lawyer. The US Latino community would be a place to look. Se Habla Esponol. Those lawyers will be more familiar with a case like your friends. Many Latinos come to the US without proper paperwork and manage a long happy life in the US.
B) If your friend is not currently detained and certain they will get deported, I would recommend he avoid capture, and try to earn as much money as possible and put it in a place that police aren't likely to look (your bank account). Eventually when they do catch up to him and give him the boot, it will give him some financial resources.
The Thai version of retirement is depend on your children. Parents send kids to go live with grandparents, and pay for the livelihood of both parents and children. As they get older they retire to the village and their kids work, send home paycheck and their kids. If your friend isn't currently in the cycle it will be difficult for him to NOT be a burden.
Temple, here serves many functions, the poor house being one of them. It's kind of a lost resort for some people here. I wouldn't know who to call. I think the deal is, he shows up, says he is hungry and no place to stay, and they may provide his some food and shelter. It's only a last resort.
This is a new one. Does he speak the Language? He can always stay at the temple, so I am told. If he is English speaking he probably could get a teaching job pretty easy. It's not great but it's a good start.