Just to clarify, this hasn't become a law/regulation yet. And all this does is remove the ability to NOT take the written test to get a Thai drivers license if you have a IDP from your home country.
I can't speak for all countries, but US passports get a new passport number. Your thai drivers license number is your passport number, so it needs to be updated. As for your bank and phone carrier, how else are you going to use your passport as an identification document if the number doesn't match?