says most immigration offices don’t want to do the extension. Adding to that for your part 3 question, Phuket requires at least 15 days left on your current stamp to even consider doing it. Other offices may vary.
You can only get an extension for one year or as long as your passport is valid until whichever is the shorter. The fact that you only had 9 months left when you extended means you only got an extension for 9 months. Completely normal.
You’ll have to get the stamps transferred and apply for a new year extension when that stamp is running out.
When you get your new passport you take it along with your old passport to the office that issued your extension of stay stamp (it’s not a Non B visa) and get the stamp transferred.
No idea why you think it’s a money making thing as the transfer is free.