If you are still on the entry stamp from the visa (90-days for Non-O for over 50, or up-to-365-days for Non-OA) with an actual visa sticker or eVisa PDF
-> The same as OP, you cannot transfer your visa. Carry both passports until the visa itself expires.
If you have already applied for a 1-year extension at the local immigration office (read the stamp)
-> Different from OP's case, you have to transfer the stamps to your new passport.
A visa issued by a Thai embassy or consulate cannot be transferred to a new passport. You have to bring both passports until your visa expires to enter Thailand on your visa.
That depends on the embassy/consulate you applied through. For example, 20 days are way too short for one embassy such as Paris, but way too long for some other embassies.
Did you check their visa processing policy on their website?
And,
Check the spam box to check if you have emails requesting additional documents.
Ankara says “IT TAKE 5-10 BUSINESS DAYS AFTER SUBMITTING THE COMPLETE APPLICATION OR RE-SUBMITTING THE REVERTED APPLICATIONS) FOR THE APPROVAL OF THE VISA.” on website. They also have holiday calendar on their website. Check them and see if you are still in the processing time or not.
So as I wrote, once he gets a new passport from home, bring both passports, enter on the new passport using the old one. Then go to the Phuket office to transfer stamps when he returns to Thailand. And make sure that he is stamped in on his new passport correctly as his extension (with "Non-RE" as visa class on entry stamp, until November 3), before leaving the passport control when he enters Thailand.