, those visa application on eVisa have to be done when you are physically in that country where you want to apply through. Of course Thailand is not eligible as "current location". You have to upload entry stamp to the country and/or proof of where you are staying in that country.
, Religious-related visa is Non-R/Non-RA, not Non-RE. Most AI is using the information on the internet, which contains a lot of incorrect information still, sadly.
There is no problem with that stamp. "Non-RE" in the VISA CLASS field of the entry stamp means you entered on a Re-entry permit with a Non-Immigrant visa/extension of any type (B, O, ED, etc), in your case with an extension based on employment.
Q. Can I enter Laos then bounce back into Thailand with the eVisa approval email and still receive the Non O?
-> Yes, you can bounce at one of the borders, by land/sea or air, to "activate" your newly approved Non-O as eVisa.
Unnecessary additional, check for the last time just before you go through passport control in Thailand to see whether it's approved or not during the trip.
There is no rule on maximum number of days you can be out of Thailand. Technically, you just need to be in the province on the day you can apply for an extension, which means the last day of your current stamp. But practically you may need a few more days to prepare documents for application.
For example, it wouldn't be a problem to leave Thailand immediately after you get a 1-year extension and re-entry stamp and be back in the last 5 days to prepare and apply for the next extension.
Q. Are dependent visas still offered for Ed visa holders?
-> No. Non-O dependent is not available if the main foreigner is on Non-ED for studying at private schools, such as language schools.
Non-O dependent is applicable on Non-ED (not only Non-ED plus) as well, but only for those studying international schools (children), university for degrees, or higher.
Q. if a parent comes to do a year long language course, can they have dependent wife and children (not yet school age) ride on their visa?
Q. will immigration accept the transaction date of 26th ?
-> Maybe not. But no downside to try early. Some offices might accept your documents 1 or 2 days with additional conditions.
You have to have funds in a bank account for the "past" two months, so you go to the local immigration office on the 27th. There is still a possibility that they won't accept your application until the 28th, depending on how the record shows on bank transactions.
Q. does immigration require updated photos each extension ?
-> That depends on your local office. You are supposed to provide new photos for the application to show your marriage is de facto and de jure.
It'd vary by office how strict they are about photos. Some are not, and some check comparing previous photos.
There were reposts that new photos weren't accepted because happened to wear similar clothes as previous photos in some province. While others in other provinces have no problem using the same photos as before.