, if you are not hired by Thai company directly, you can apply for Non-B for business (not employment) with multiple entry on Thai eVisa system. Check the residency requirement at the website of Thai embassy in the country you will stay in when your visa expires
Re-entry permit counter is at the International Gate 2, before you go through passport control. That gate is the easiest to get a re-entry permit. If you go through other international gate, you have to go all the way to the re-entry counter at Gate2 from air side after you get through passport control. Others details are as mentioned already.
Photo is a sample of the sign at Gate 3, after passport control.
already mentioned, a Thailand-born foreign child cannot get an actual visa or extension until getting an entry stamp after leaving Thailand once.
What difference between Thailand-born foreign children (with the correct ID/passport and Thailand birth certificate) and visiting foreign children is, that former can stay in Thailand legally indefinitely until leaving Thailand for the first time or hitting 15 y/o (or maybe 10 y/o, that is I don't know exactly) while latter will be overstaying once pass the date on entry/extension stamp (regardless of being fined or not).
You need to check the details about this with your local immigration office though.
, You go to the Chaengwattana office at government complex building B. You bring original passport, TM30 receipt on paper (and TM.6 departure card in rare case you issued one at some land borders) along with filled TM.47 form.
Totally depends on the immigration office you go. You need only passport at some immigration office, while you are asked for whole bunch of documents at some other offices, and there are in-between.
You may need all or some of:
Copy of passport (ID page, entry stamp page, related stamps pages), TM30 receipt, latest 90 days report receipt if applicable, TM.6 departure card if applicable, and filled TM47 form
, then that was the mistake. You have to go chaengwattana office to get COR.
Chamchuri issues COR for ONLY those who use Chamchuri for visa/extensions. Even if you are on Non-O retirement extension, you cannot get COR at chamchuri office.
If you mean TM.30 submission, the regulation says you have to submit within 24 hours from the time of arrival to the address. <- not from arriving in Thailand.
Check TM.30 online system. There is a User's Manual (in EN and TH) from the link at the bottom of the login window.