There's no such thing as a 1-year ED visa. All ED Visas are 90 days. And then the subsequent extension is either 90 days for informal schools (Thai language, Muay Thai) or 1-year extension for university study.
If you have a 1-year extension with university, you should be able to open an account, and your university may be able to assist you.
If you have a 90-day extension from a Thai language school, many people have reported not being able to open an account.
If you have a 1-year extension from a Thai language school, then you have an illegally obtained agent extension and not being able to get a bank account will be the least of your worries. You are going to have issues entering Thailand for years to come.
If you were on an extension, then just leaving Thailand would not have cancelled anything. You should have gone and cancelled your work permit and extension before you left. When you come back you likely will not be able to get a new work extension until you go back and cancel your old one and get a 500 baht per day fine for failing to do so (maximum 20,000 baht).
You are not on a non-O visa. You entered as a tourist and therefore you are a tourist. You have to leave Thailand, and return on the non-O visa. Your visa is also fraudulently obtained since you were not in the jurisdiction of the embassy when you applied for it. The visa application asked for proof of your current location so you lied on the application, because if you had showed them you were in Thailand they would have rejected your application.
But some immigration offices require you to show proof of where your monthly income is coming from if you are using that method. It's not new in general, but may be new to that office.
Just because they want 3 months of bank statements doesn't necessarily mean they want 3 months of the required funds. But multiple months of bank statements is a common requirement at most embassies.
Why wait so long to get your new passport? You had an entire year to do it.
Either apply for the passport now, and worst case scenario is you pay an overstay when you apply for your extension if it comes late, OR
Apply for your next extension now, which will only give you until the expiration date of your passport. Then you'll have a new extension date each year moving forward.