You submit your application, then once approved you submit your dependants application citing your visa number, along with a sponsorship letter stating you are the parent/spouse and guarantee financial responsibility along with your bank statement. I'd suggest a million baht if it's in one bank account or another 500K in your spouse's personal account.
If you're going to include a brief cover letter explaining your alternate income also highlight it in your bank statements, just saying it doesn't make it true, prove it.
Highly doubt it's an issue of concern. I haven't heard of this situation in the group, but I'm pretty sure oodles of people have dual citizenship. There is no disclaimer for the application.
an entry just before visa expiration will get another year stamp if you have qualifying insurance good for another year, otherwise only stamped in till the date of insurance expiration.