First off please tell him to look after his own health before anything else.
What are his living arrangements? If he doesn't own the property then he would be liable to submit the TM30. That would be down to the landlord or property owner. The apartment I live in is in my wife's name so she has to do my TM30.
Different rules at different offices so it's hard to tell. Mine used to not care but now they require it within 24 hours. I understand Chaengwattana in Bangkok don't require it so your office may very well be the same.
Nonthaburi requires the TM30 to be filed but only if you left the country. I travel several times per year within Thailand and there are never any problems when I go to the immigration office.
"I just checked in a few hours early for an international flight and told the immigration officer at the check out area that I needed a re-entry permit and he sent me over to a small office just behind him where there were 3 or 4 immigration officers working. It took me about 15 minutes or so to complete the whole routine. No problem at all."