SHA+ is just a hygiene and cleanliness certification - it doesn't necessarily mean that the hotel offers the Test & Go package. Take a look at the photo below showing all of the inclusions for the package. If you only book a room without that package, it won't be accepted - and that's true whether you use an OTA or the hotel's own website. The issue with the property you booked may be that they chose not to offer their Test & Go package on OTAs, which is why you didn't see it.
Based on the Phuket Sandbox, even lower than that - the 0.3% infection rate there included people who tested positive on the second or third test and who might have become infected after arrival.
I don't disagree - I'm only talking about the terminology!
The term "quarantine" has been used for hundreds of years to describe the method of keeping outsiders separated from the local population until it's established that they're not infected (originally for 40 days, hence the name). You're correct that what's being done during "Test & Go" isn't exactly quarantine, since travelers are waiting for a test result rather than being monitored for symptoms, so maybe that's how Thailand justifies calling the process "exemption from quarantine".
I've done six retirement extensions in Bangkok, and no medical form has ever been required. I've heard that Phuket immigration requires such a form, but the actual regulations don't call for it.
That graphic is from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, not the Bangkok Post. It correctly (though not clearly) indicates that flights to Buriram must be chartered, not all flights to all airports. And MFA has since reiterated that Thai nationals are NOT required to show proof of health insurance (unlike the rule for the Phuket Sandbox).
Yes, Kasikorn usually insists on a "retirement visa", but they seem to have a binder for staff with examples of what falls under that category - including the OA that the OP has (since it doesn't have the word "RETIREMENT" stamped on it the way an extension does).