Marriage license legalized from your embassy in Thailand. Then ask for a seal of approval from Ministry of Foreign in Bangkok. If your embassy wouldn't legalized it, you have to fly back to your country to get it authenticated by Thai embassy in your country. Or consult an agency. I heard it is 15k+ bahts and marriage license still needed even so.
Some other agents can send you to Chonburi immigration provided that you meet all financial requirements to get your photo taken there. Chonburi IO will accept your Trang/ or Trad stamp history. That would fix it. Once you obtain a Chonburi stamp, next year you could renew it anywhere based on your TM.30 record.
US embassy interviewers will assume every Thai applicants will visit the US and will not return to Thailand, so it's the applicants' hard work to prove otherwise.
If your agent sent your passport to Tak immigration, you can no longer get a reentry or renew a year visa in Bangkok despite you have sufficient financial funds. Once they find out you didn't show up at Tak, they stop dealing with you in Bangkok. 90 day in Bangkok is possible but you need to register your tm.30.
Thai visa system is different from Schengen visa system. Even if you arrive on the exp. date, 16 July, you will always be grant 60 days from there. Schengen Visa on the other hand will not allow you to stay after exp date of the visa itself.
Couldn't thank you enough for your completed explanation. What weird is that this couple have been submitting the US certificate alone since 2013. Only this year they decide to see the authentication.