You don't need a bank account. There are many solutions available if you want to scan a QR code.
And using tap to pay using Apple Pay or Google Pay is getting more common now too.
For everything else, cash is king when it comes to local sellers. And its good to have some small change for tips or temple merit making donations. Keep tradition alive.
The embassy will post their requirements in the host country local currency or USD.
Its irrelevant to them if the applicant has a Thai bank account.
One can obtain a Thai bank account as a tourist. Even now as long as you have a good reason (real estate purchase. The seller can probably assist) or an agent.