Definitely don't need color. The only thing that really matters is the QR code on the visa, and that's in black and white. Actually the only thing having the printed e-visa is for is so that the agent doesn't make a mistake and stamp you in visa exempt. But even then, after you hand them the e-visa and your passport and step away from the counter, ALWAYS, ALWAYS, ALWAYS check the stamp you just received in your passport and make sure it is correct. The BOI office has also emphasized this multiple times. If they give you an incorrect stamp and you don't notice, it could completely invalidate your visa.
You can only apply for an extension from a 90-day visa based on the same reason as that visa was issued.
A non-OA is a 1-year retirement visa, not a 90-day non-O visa. If you get a non-O visa based on retirement you cannot apply for an extension based on marriage.
no extension requires a background check. There's one retirement visa that requires, which is the OA visa. But it has many other requirements and is not the visa most people want for retirement. The non-O is what most people want and the only real requirements are being over 50 and showing the correct amount of money.
You would be able to use income to get the 90 day visa from the Thai embassy, but you wouldn't be able to use it to apply for an extension from immigration once you're in Thailand. The ONLY thing you can use for the first 1-year extension in Thailand is 800,000 baht in your Thai bank account or embassy certified income, and the US embassy does not offer that.