2) if at university yes, if doing non-university course then it's much harder and unlikely
3) yes but you need to be attending class in Thailand or your student visa will be cancelled by the institution. Unless you have a dodgy visa of course...
No. You might be able to get a covid extension if you apply before 24 May but short of extending it for the reason you got the visa you don't have many choices.
he's supposedly unable to travel due to covid hence being on said extension so no he won't be able to get a re-entry permit for it. Nothing to stop him from trying though.
There's nothing stopping him from leaving the country but he'll need to go through all the hoops to get back into Thailand, including obtaining a visa should he need one to re-enter.