So much guesswork, and much of it said with great conviction! The Thai Revenue site has some good information for foreigners. If you stay 180+ days in a year (even in more than one visit) you are a resident for tax purposes and must submit a tax return. You must declare all money brought into Thailand, for assessment of tax liability. Your Thai tax liability is mitigated by a sliding scale of allowances. You can also deduct tax paid in the country the money originated from, subject to the specific details of the DTA between Thailand and that country.
All this is already in Thai law, and every resident will need to submit a tax return on their 2024 income imports. The Thai government is still considering a recommendation from the Revenue that all worldwide income should be assessable for tax, but this is not currently the law
It sounds like you want to live here, but maybe there is no visa that will allow you to do that. This visa is designed for nomads, not would-be residents. If you try doing border-bounces to extend it beyond 180 days, I suspect you will meet a border guard who will refuse you re-entry
Tax "deemed to have already been paid" will require evidence, if you wish to offset it against tax "deemed to be taxable" in Thailand. "Effectively tax paid" is not the same as exempt from tax in your country. Read your country's DTA with Thailand, and/or ask the Thai tax authorities
Shop around. One agent in Pattaya quotes 37,500 all in, and another quotes 12,500 for visa only, or 17,500 if you need visa and bank account (so I deduce 5k for the bank account)
don't forget, subsequent renewals you can use the income method. Instead of the 800,000 baht, you need to show "steady income" of at least 65,000 every month (confirmed at Chonburi Immigration in Jomtien yesterday - other offices may differ)
Once you've lived here 180 days, you are liable to tax assessment on the income you bring in to Thailand. But you can off-set tax already paid on that income. If it's just pension which is taxed at home, there's usually nothing more to pay.
But note, if you are resident in Thailand, they are considering making ALL your worldwide income taxable. However this is not currently the law, just maybe a serious proposal to watch for news on
By then you likely can take your trip to Nepal half way through the 4 months, and then come back into Thailand without a visa for the remainder of your stay