you obviously can't apply in person any longer, only through the evisa system. Read through the requirements, meet them, and you will get the visa. From earlier posts I don't think you will meet the requirements for a 12 month extension though, so work on that as soon as you get back inside Thailand
Not sure why you bothered applying for a tourist visa, I suspect even if the consulate had issued one you would still have been refused entry. Applying for a Non-O visa based on having a Thai child is absolutely the right path for you. If you have all the right documentation then there is no reason for them to not issue the visa.
There is no calendar year reset. There are no new rules. There is no specific limit on visa exempt entries. What you are referring to is new guidelines issued to immigration officers as to how to enforce existing rules. Visa exemption is designed for short term tourism so you may or may not be allowed to enter (particularly a second or third time), every entry is at the discretion of the immigration officer you will stand in front of. If you want to spend 6 months in Thailand get the appropriate visa.
your phone needs to be unlocked to add another SIM. And take your passport as if you are opening a bank account the number needs to be associated to it so you can use a banking app
between the named holders so only half the money in the account is seen as yours. That means for you to apply you may need the equivalent 1m baht in the account.
On what grounds are you applying? If you are applying under workation then you show your earnings to prove your situation. If you are applying under soft power you show you have signed up for an activity and may also have to show how you will support yourself. Revolut is a bank in the EU so isn't a problem