This is very common and likely nothing to do with your visa from Laos. I also had 3 unauthorised payments from Uber 2 months ago while I was in Turkey. A bit of Googling and you can see this is a worldwide issue with Uber (actually stolen data not Uber). Unfortunately the only solution my bank gave is cancelling the card and refunding the approximately 2000baht they took.
Just report it to the police, they might make life difficult for him. However that will probably be your only comfort, almost no chance to get you money back I’m afraid.