As far as I know, the only other things running are private van/car or you can rent a car yourself. No busses, other than Sandbox Express (which is now a minivan) are running.
Not sure which bus you all are talking about. There is the Sandbox Express bus which I believe is currently 1800 but it doesn't run overnight. It leaves Phuket very early in the morning and ends up at Suvarnabhumi at about 9 PM. It's only open to Sandboxers. I think you can make reservations (must be at least by noon the previous day for the trip) online. See article below.
As long as it will cover your initial permission to stay period entirely should be fine.
Some questions have been raised of non-Thai insurance about whether they will cover your hospitalization if you test positive but are asymptomatic (hence considering the hospitalization medically unnecessary). Also, some will reimburse but not pay directly to the hospital.
// Who is currently eligible to receive a COVID-19 vaccine in Hawaii?
All Hawai‘i *residents* age 12 and above are eligible for the COVID-19 vaccine. The vaccine is not available for children age 11 and younger. However, more studies are underway and being reviewed to safely expand the eligibility for the vaccine.
Coming into Thailand on a visa-exempt entry or a Tourist Visa, the only visa one can apply for inside of Thailand is a Non-O from immigration. A non-OA can only be obtained outside of Thailand from the applicant's home country or at least a country where they are legally resident.
The OP might be asking about whether the 45 days currently granted for a visa-exempt entry might revert back to only 30 days. I don't know the answer to that question and certainly have not heard anything in the news about that.