thanks for that. your mention of "new permit to stay", after the initial "permit to stay", I use the terminology stamped in the passport. Both may be permits of stay, I wanted to clear up the distinction of the first versus the 2nd permit to stay.
no a visa or visa exemption gets you into the country. An extension of stay is combined with a certain visa categories to allow you to stay in the country until it expires. Example come in on a non o visa and then get a 1 or 2 year extension of stay. A visa exempt means no visa at all but you can stay for instance 30 days. Everyone confuses visas with extensions of stay. I learned it after I had to start managing them myself.