No! The 3 months you get when you enter on a non-B visa is deemed as enough time for you to sort out the paperwork. And I can only assume that it is the same if you managed to change to a non-B visa while you were in Thailand.
Last year I was told by the immigration at MTT that you don't need to do a new TM30 or TM 28 if you have been away shorter than 14 days... But I would not say that I'm more than 99% sure about it as it's not only different immigration offices that have different rules, even different immigration officers have a tendency to give different answers!
In Bangkok the immigration officer told me that if it's less than 14 days, then you will NOT need to report to them... But as many others already said, different immigration offices enforce the rules and regulations differently.
Yes, the little slip! It's quite important to immigration, so if you lost it, then you will need to go to the police station closest to you and report it lost!
The February 12th is in the list of bank holidays, but it has usually only been a holiday in a few provinces. It's also not listed as a holiday on the immigration calendar, the Thai embassy in DC's or the American embassy in Bangkok's websites as a public holiday, so it's a big possibility that it's not seen as a government holiday (eg. labor day is not a government holiday, but the royal plowing ceremony is).
If you have changed passport since you came to Thailand, then the online app will not let you do it (I have had that problem for 2 years now...), I was told by the BKK immigration that it is because the new passport number does not match the pp number that I entered Thailand with.
If your application is already at immigration and waiting for approval, then you wouldn't be on overstay.
But as Allison wrote, she thinks that they are waiting for some documents that the provincial governor governor sign, that makes me 99% sure that her application still haven't reached Tak immigration office in Mae Sod.