You are required to provide documentation confirming that your current location is Vietnam when submitting an application with a foreign passport. Acceptable documentation may include an entry stamp, a boarding pass, or written confirmation of your accommodation. The First Friendship Bridge serves as the border crossing between Vientiane and Udon Thani; however, you must document or specify the mode of transportation you intend to use for entry, but there’s no direct train for this route. Personally I would have chosen a direct bus all the way.
You are required to report to immigration after 90 consecutive days of stay in Thailand. Your first report must be submitted in person no later than 89 days after your arrival date, or within the reporting window — from 15 days before to 7 days after the due date.
In addition to this, the property owner or the hotel must submit a TM30 address registration for you to immigration within 24 hours of your arrival.
You will receive an email with the Non-O A visa attached as a PDF file. Upon entry, you will be granted a full one-year stay, or for as long as your health insurance remains valid — whichever comes first. If you update your health insurance and re-enter shortly before your visa expires, you will again be granted up to one year of stay, or for as long as your health insurance remains valid, whichever comes first.
You must check that the insurance meets the requirements set by the embassy here. If it is not a Thai insurance policy, I guess you must fill out the certificate for foreign insurance.