You can't apply while inside Thailand. You need to travel to a country that has a Thai embassy, apply there and remain there until the process completes
by using your card in Thailand you are remitting money in Thailand, whoever told you otherwise is wrong. Whether or not there is a tax implication for you will depend on 1. Being tax resident in Thailand and 2. What pays your card charges, income or pre 2024 savings
It doesn't quite work like that. To be tax resident in Thailand you must spend 180 days or more in a calendar year inside Thailand. If you were in 2024 and brought assessable income into Thailand then you need to also file a Thai tax return (by the end of March) and in that tax return you claim a credit for the tax already paid on the assessable income you brought into Thailand. The existence of a Dual Tax Agreement does not in itself excuse you from paying Thai tax
Look at transferring via the Bangkok Bank branch in London for large amounts. I believe you can use it to transfer to other banks and specify the conversion happens in Thailand. For smaller amounts Wise works well.
if you have a Non-O visa you shouldn't have much trouble opening an account, get a residence card from immigration and you should be good in most banks. The reports you see are mainly people on visa exempt, tourist visa or DTV