You can absolutely get a Non-O from a Thai embassy or consulate overseas, though not all offices will issue one for every purpose. You may be thinking of the fact that some Thai embassies won't issue a Non-O for retirement, but that's due to a local policy, not a universal MFA rule.
, the Visa rate (which is what Schwab uses) was 34.91, so the $865.65 cost that you mentioned was inclusive of the 220 baht fee (which is refunded at the end of the month, not at the time of the transaction). The actual net cost for your 30k baht was $859.35.
As for Wise's various funding methods, I don't think wires and SWIFT transfers are instantaneous (by their nature, not because of Wise). They also usually involve a fee from your sending bank, plus additional forms or paperwork. ACH wasn't on the list of options? That would usually be cheapest (a little over a dollar for 30k baht), and would be immediate.