La diferencia es que la persona que aplica como dependiente, tu esposo en este caso, no debe cumplir ninguno de los otros requisitos, como tener un trabajo remoto, o estar inscrito en cursos de muay thai o cocina, o recibir tratamiento médico. No obstante, el requisito de que cada persona que aplica tenga ahorros equivalentes a 500.000 baht es otra cosa. Que yo sepa, no es algo exclusivo de la embajada en Argentina.
The 10 year tourist visa isn't like a game changer, or at least not a new idea. The US tourist visa has been always a 10-year one. However, it only allows stays of up to 6 months at a time, maximum, and of course, working is banned. I'd assume it'd be the same, with officers (either in the US or here in Thailand) not letting the people in if they come for 6 months stays back to back year after year.
each application on the visa portal is Embassy-dependant. They're routed to the specific embassy, and that's why they have different price, requirements, timing and conditions. The visa is approved or rejected by a specific embassy.
the person who suggested that was NOT an idiot. The OP is at fault for using the wrong terminology. People on real visas on arrival are allowed only 15 days upon entry and they can't extend in country, yet some offices would give an "extension rejected" stamp that allows them to stay for up to 7 more days. So, the advise was accurate. The question was wrong, tho as the OP isn't on a visa on arrival.
Ask directly to the Embassy you're applying at. I applied at Seoul, Korea and they said they accepted documents in English or Thai, only (Korean language documents weren't accepted). I managed my Korean bank and employers to issue everything in English.