her mistake was, she entered on a single entry visa (tourist visa?) which gave her 60 days. she could have bought a single re-entry permit for 1000.- THB, which would have kept the 60-days stay permit she received with her SETV alive, and would have been able to re-enter Thailand using this re-entry permit. . . .However now this is blown, so Plan B must be: fly from Cambodia to the BKK Suvarnabhumi Airport (use Thai Airways and NO OTHER airline!!) on the day of her return flight to Brazil. She can remain airside in the transit zone for a maximum of 24 hours, without the need of obtaining a transit visa
There is not much she could do within the short period of 8 days left, as a single entry Tourist Visa application in Phnom Penh would require an appointment and many more days of wait . . . . . Does she have a flight ticket back to Brazil? Then she can book a flight to BKK Airport (no other airport, watch out!!) on the same day her flight will depart for Brazil, with enough time between arrival flying in from Phnom Penh or Siem Reap, and departure of her international flight. She will then remain in the transit zone and does not need to enter Thailand. Keep in mind that either her baggage must get checked through. If this is not possible, she must travel with her handcarry only
you should always buy a single re-entry permit for 1000.- Baht alongside a "one-year Extension of Stay based on retirement" (you do not have anything like a "retirement visa" - this thing does not exist!) because in case you need to exit Thailand within the one-year period out of whatever cause, the re-entry permit will keep your extended stay permit alive
absolutely correct, because the difference of exchanging cash at the best exchangers in Thailand (like Superrich or Siam Exchange) against a transfer by WISE or Remittly, is rather marginal only. However you need a Thai bank account for this
Thai Immigration has absolutely nothing to do with this question, it can only be found on the Thai customs webpage. And there sadly is no information to be found regarding currency import. It can only be found on SOME embassy websites