nope. Take Thailand, you can be a Thai tax resident but you pay tax on Thai source income and overseas income remitted to Thailand. If you're non-resident for tax then you still pay tax in Thailand on your Thai sourced income.
If you're a UK tax resident you pay tax on UK source income and your worldwide income. If non-residenr you pay tax on UK sourced income.
Americans are different in that they're taxed in the US on their worldwide income regardless of whether they're a resident or not. They can use double tax treaties, where they are in force, to reduce their tax in the US.
By tax exile I am assuming you are referring to self employed as opposed to an actual employee? In which case yes, I agree to an extent. It will depend upon their nationality, where their business is and also just how honest they do or don't want to be.
even if non-dom in UK, if it's UK sourced income you'd still have to pay tax on it in the UK. It's foreign income you can elect not to pay tax on in the UK as a non-dom UK tax resident provided that you don't remit the income to the UK. I appreciate that's an incredibly simplified explanation above but that's the general gist of it.
Doesn't work like that I'm afraid. Tax is paid where your income is earned. In order for it to be taxable in Thailand you would need to remit your income to Thailand BUT doing this doesn't necessarily mean Thailand will have primary taxing rights.
The above does not take into account you are on a tourist visa, which may null and void the above anyway.
we'll have to wait and see but I very much doubt it will be only for 2 weeks considering it will take nearly 2 weeks to get a better idea as to how much Songkran caused it to spread.