There were definitely atm's airside a few years back, but they might not be there anymore. SCB had a few atm's airside. But again, I haven't seen them in some time, but they were definitely there as recent as two years ago.
It depends, if a border run makes more sense (if you are close to a border anyway) do a border run, if such a border run takes a hell of lot of time (think nine hours from Bangkok) then extending is a much more useful thing to do, and cheaper. As long as you make your final entry just before the use before date, you can still maximize the visa by doing a final extension. I disagree with Tod, extending can save massive amounts of time, an hour at immigration plus the odd hour in the taxi, as opposed to 9 hours for the nearest cambo border point from Bangkok. Not to mention that the Cambo visa cost money + transportation cost, I am sure an extension is actually cheaper.
Ok, two-three months for them, so they can simply get a SETV (single entry tourist visa) which is good for 60 days on entry and can be extended with another 30 days for 1900 baht. In your case, when your leave to remain stamp is due get a SETV in Vientiane. Alternatively you can try to extend your current entry with 30 days for 1900 baht, that will get you until September 10 or so, then visa run which would get you up to November 8 or thereabouts. (including another 1900 baht extension). Be aware of the limit of two overland entries per calendar year.