But it's been tried countless times before. You cannot get an extension on a "lost passport" otherwise everybody would be losing their passports to stay longer! I'm not negative, simply realistic!
You only pay Thai taxes in money you bring or transfer into the country. You can try and have your pre-tax earnings paid directly into your Thai bank account, but your home country might claim tax authority first
In that case it suits you, which is great. Everyone's situation is different. I retain Australian Tax Residency as the concessions I get for my investments far outweigh any advantage in changing tax residency