You can owe taxes in the US after paying taxes in the host country. But the US encourages that you pay tax first in the host country and take a credit from US tax obligations.
The US has a worldwide taxation policy for its citizens and residents; it does not matter where you earned your money or where you are living. You cannot escape US taxation unless you renounce your citizenship or residency.
You never pay taxes in two countries. America encourages people to pay tax in their host country and then take a foreign tax credit from their US tax obligation. I have done it multiple times in my life. IRS Form 1116 is for foreign tax credits.
Thai IOs know that the foreigners who live in Thailand year-round are just desperate foreigners who cannot survive with their meagre in their home country. So, they have to come to Thailand for survival, and sometimes they even work illegally because nobody in their home country will hire them. Soon, they will find out DTV visa holders staying in Thailand year round to avoid paying taxes. We have to wait and see what measures they will take in the future.