You are not the only one who got this visa. Many did without showing income. How come you think it has to be that way just because it is the way you did it?
As for applying (your) logic to understand the requirements, it's not the way it works in Thailand. Some people got this 5-year visa by showing a couple of dental care appointments only. There is no logic to it. You won't go far in Thailand if you think logic has a role to play.
Man, you are a joke. I know of several people who applied with their own bank account, showing 500K+ THB, and who are unemployed. This is most probably what happened in the case of this Japanese applicant you have referred to. You are just talking BS based on some personal, ungrounded assumptions.
EDIT: The only place I have heard of which insists on regular income (even for soft power) is Taipeh.
By the way, usually you can also do it by mail, and you can send the requested documents 15 days in advance. Costs under 100 bahts in stamps. But in your case, it's too late (this time at least). The grace period of 7 days does not apply to reporting by mail.
If I were you, I would search for necessary documents first, unless you love going there. You'll usually need copies of your passport (info page + last stamp), copy of your visa, copy of your TM.30, last TM.47 slip (if any), and sometimes even a copy of evidence of your address on top of the TM.30. There might be other documents needed in Chaeng Watthana, no idea, do a search.
I've just realized that you already have a new PP. Which means the new PP was issued before the visa. That's a difficult situation, I think. Try to contact them.
I do not think it is possible to change the passport number in an ongoing application. This would possibly lead to a cancellation of the application. What I would do in your case: Wait until you get the visa before declaring the loss to the authorities where you reside and applying for a new passport. Then contact the Thai embassy where you applied and describe the situation ("My visa was approved, but I lost my passport"), and see what they suggest.