I think they will follow the example of other countries that is to restrict access from countries in the southern African region. Unless if the omicron strain becomes prevalent then they will lock down again.
No that is Doha international airport you will be confined to the transit area that means you will not have entered Qatar you are in transit and coming directly from USA immigration wise.
They are not easy to come by because they are based on a country quota system. You may also need to do a written test on shrimp farming, water buffalo rearing and poultry raising. Also water management irrigation etc.
I was in a similar situation but with the customs dept when I had to import personal effects into Thailand back in 2012. A fee was paid without receipt and another with receipt.
My advise if you can -front the cash -do it everything has its price.