if you are married or either of those two children are yours, you can apply for a certificate of entry now. otherwise you need to wait until they announce more details about the new quarantine scheme in phuket. the government suggested retirement visa holders will qualify and the uk was mentioned as one of 6 countries from which arrivals will be allowed. good luck.
Nothing new. All those groups have been allowed to apply for a certificate of entry for a while now, and any airline can get permission to resume flights with those people as passengers. Emirates is just making a bet that the Thai embassies will start processing applications quicker and the capacity of the alternative state quarantine will be expanded so more of the same groups can actually come. Their downside is limited anyway because if they don't sell enough seats they can just cancel the flights and keep the cash from passengers and give them credit to use later.
~2 covid death per day now in belgium compared to ~60 road deaths per day in thailand. even adjusting for the population difference, dying in a road accident in thailand is around 5 times more likely than dying from covid in belgium, never mind all the other ways that belgium is safer than thailand (less air population, better public health system, etc).
thailand doesn't accept many refugees, and anyway there is much more chance of being killed in a road accident in thailand than dying from covid in belgium so i can't see that argument being accepted as a reason to claim asylum here.
Just go (or send a friend) to Chaeng Wattana with the letter from the hospital. They will tell you if need anything else but that should be sufficient. You wont need anything from the embassy.
i think you might be confusing the visa expiry date with the stamp that shows the date you need to leave thailand. i've done the same before and it cost me 20,000 baht in overstay fines. the amnesty has allowed you to avoid the same penalty but it will probably cost nearly as much for an agent who can get you onto another visa in country. otherwise you will need to go out before 26 september (not october) and return with quarantine, which will work out more expensive.
in that case maybe you could find a temporary job wherever you are now and live off the salary from that so you can save all of your "passive" income to buy an elite visa. it wouldn't take long.
sounds like you are still working so you will need a work permit and non-immigrant business visa (which will also mean setting up or operating through a thai based company)
elite visa is 500k thb for 5 years. to have a stable passive income of 60k thb/month purely from investment you must have well over 20mil thb of assets so that should be easily affordable for you.
if it's really passive income (i.e. just investment return without any work involved on your part) the value of your capital to achieve that level of income without meaningful risk nor volatility would be substantial, in which case you could easily afford an elite visa.
if it's not really passive income (i.e. requires some management or involvement on your part, you will need a work permit, and a non-immigrant business visa, which also comes with various other requirements).