You should check your local Thai Embassy website for the application process. There are SP courses with Thai language as part of the course. Full time Thai language comes under Education visa so it is not really issued via DTV. If you extend your DTV at immigration you need to show course renewal docs if the course has ended. No current requirement to do so with a border hop. How long it takes depends on where you apply.
You can get a DTV via rental property management. You need to show how you manage the business online. There is no minimum income requirement. You can find several posts in the threads from such DTVERS.
There are several posts from Manilla applicants in the threads. It is ok to transfer from a Time Deposit to a personal savings account. You need to check with Manilla if they have a seasoning requirement before applying
Anonymous participant I would just use my name applying as a freelancer. Applying with a business name will likely lead to a business registration request. Laos, Vietnam or Indonesia are great options.