Do I need to file a new TM30 every time I return to Thailand from international travel?

Leave that to the owner!

All depends on what office

Phuket requires a new TM30 filed even if you stay one night in a hotel or hospital in country (as well as every time you return to Thailand). They do at least have the drive up window so it doesn’t take too long in most cases.

Yes

Bangkok immigration require it after returning from abroad. It’s easy to do online.

Some immigration offices want a new TM30 every time you leave home and stay overnight elsewhere, not just when returning from abroad

this question comes up a lot and in theory (at least how the rules are written) yes you file a new TM30 every time you return from abroad even if you are returning to your same residence

BUT

In practicality it's much more dependent on the immigration office you use.

Some say as long as you're coming back to your primary residence (the one you use for extensions/90 day reporting etc) that you do not need to refile a new TM30

BUT

Some stick pretty close to the rules and say yes, you must file a new TM30 every time you return from abroad no matter if you're returning to your same address or not