I agree with
@Jer***
, just get a new regular passport not a one year one because you'll have it in 10 days or so.
I have seen them be able to just stamp you in for your original arrival stamp from their documentation
Unfortunately getting an extension on your tourist visa situation isn't as easily resolved. :/ I have seen immigrations make you go to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (the thai gov't office that runs all the thai consulates in the world) and contact the consulate where you bought your tourist visa and have them send proof you really have one in order to get a 30 day extension on a tourist visa from a lost passport.