Do DTV holders need to fill out the TM30 form when returning to their primary residence in Thailand after a short trip?

This is pretty much local office policy dependent. Contact your local office and find out their policy on domestic trips and returning home.

By Thai law, every time you reside at an address you need to be reported within 24 hours.

IF you stay at an hotel and the manager makes the report, than you stay registered at that address until a new address is added.

IF you come home and do nothing, your address is the hotel, not your home.

Some Immigration Officers accept travel in the province, some travel in the country, but non when travel abroad.

There are over 80 Immigration Offices, your unknown offices may work otherwise than what others in different areas advice.

Call or visit your local Immigration Office to check how they want to enforce the rules.

As long as you are not out of the country you can still use the same. If ur out of the country they should do new one.

according to immigration at Chang Wattahna you can do short intra country trips without having to redo a tm30 when you return to your primary residence

Other immigration offices may vary on their rules

Good Luck