Do I need to provide a police clearance for my ED visa extension in Thailand if I have only the receipt?

My experience in Thailand is, by asking the question you are answering it.

I’d guess you’ll need one each time. Or you’ll get a ‘Mai Chai’

I know it's not the answer you wanna hear but how about going out to C/W before you need to apply for the extension and asking the officers if you need it again or not? That's the only way that you're really gonna know. AND that will give you time to get back down to the special branch and see if they can give you a copy of the original or do another one

I don't know IF you need it or not, BUT if you do and don't have it I see nothing but problems