Can I switch my tourist visa to a Non-O visa in Thailand if my wife is a teacher?

It is possible if your wife, your wife's employer/school, and you meet all requirements for an in-country visa application. And if your local immigration office allows.

Your wife needs to talk to her school if they support your visa procedure, as you need support documents from her employer.

She has to be on 1-year extension when you apply for an in-country visa.

You have to have more than days remaining with your entry stamp as a tourist to be able to apply for an in-country visa.

There are far more requirements.

While let her talk with her school, go to the local immigration office for THEIR latest and detailed requirements for an application for an in-country Non-O visa based on a spouse to a teacher with a work permit. There might be different lists depending on the type of school (government, private, etc).