What are the current health insurance requirements for applying for a Non Immigrant O visa for Thailand, particularly regarding COVID-19 coverage?

You can use this comparison tool for the most commonly used policies on entering Thailand.

To clear another misunderstanding up. To apply for the one year extension based on retirement, you must deposit 800,000 baht into a Thai bank account in your name only, and it must come as a direct deposit from an overseas source. It must be in your account at least two months before you apply, and three months after your extension is approved, then after this five month total, you can take it down to 400,000 baht, but that 400,000 baht must stay in your account all year, and can not drop below that amount. For a type O extension based on marriage to a Thai woman the amount is 400,000 baht, and it can come from anywhere, and has to stay in your account two months before, and during the 30 day under consideration period, then you can take it all out if you want. In both cases you must bring the balances back up to the original amount at least two months before you apply for your next extension.

Most of the time non-O doesn't require insurance, but some consulates have it as a requirement. You can try applying without insurance and just upload a page with N/A written on it, or upload insurance for the Thailand Pass.

Thai pass is 10k and is no good for the visa application

I think the information is out of date. I uploaded my Thai insurance that I have had for years and doesn't cover anything like 100 thousand and they accepted it. However I am now being told it won't cover me for the Thai pass. It's a strange situation