@Tore ********
you might be looking at exclusive right to tax clauses, some countries treaties do have those if you fall into those requirements, that means your income would only be taxed by one country. A lot of people get that wrong though, thinking their home country gets the exclusive right to tax, but if you are a full time thai resident, Thailand would typically get the exclusive right to tax.
Double tax treaties are not anti-double tax treaties. Thier purpose is to tell you how you will be taxed by both countries. Most treaties and most income classes are fully assessable in both countries offset by credits.
Reviewing the Netherlands treaty, which is an old one, which is quite beneficial compared to most. There are income types that are taxable by countries like dividends and most passive income, articles 9 to 12.