Can I obtain a re-entry permit while holding a retirement visa in Thailand?

Just go to immigration and get a single re entry permit 1000 baht or get one at the airport

okay I would imagine you don't hold ANY visa at all and instead have a stamp that says "extension of stay permitted until" with the date Dec 14, 2023 and the word "retirement" stamped on it

Your 90 day report has nothing to do with your question

There is no exit VISA either, you are talking about a re-entry PERMIT. You can get one at the immigration office where you got your extension and where you do 90 day reporting OR you can get one at the international airports on the day you fly out

At the immigration office a single re-entry permit <- exit/re-enter ONE time is 1000baht and a multiple re-entry permit <- exit/re-enter as many times as you want for the year is 3800baht

At the airport they usually charge a 200 baht service charge, so they are 1200 and 4000