Can I do my 90-day report online in Thailand after renewing my passport?

Never needs to be an all day event. Use an agent or apply by mail.

Some provinces are in and out in 15 minutes or less.

Fatboy's Thai Drivers License Service- Bangkok can help you make 90 days report without you being present at immigration ka

Duh!

Since you have to leave the country at 179 days, no, you won't be doing your second report online. And once you re-enter Thailand your first report again has to be in person. Previous statement assumes you will not be doing an in country extension.

In most cases, you can only do that after extending your 180 days with immigration as the first 90 days is in person each first time after reetering Thailand. I've seen some rare exceptions for which DTV holders were able to fill online but most had to come back inperson again. You can do with agent or send by letter. I’ve only heard that Bangkok takes longer; other places are usually fine. However, you need to report to the immigration office listed on your last TM30.