If your 1-year business visa runs out together with your employment, is there any way to apply for tourist visa or anything else without having to leave the country ?
TLDR : Answer Summary
Once your 1-year business visa expires when your employment ends, you cannot apply for a tourist visa from within Thailand. You must exit the country or meet specific criteria for a different Extension of Stay. If you attempt to apply and do not fulfill the requirements, your application will be denied, and you will be given 7 days to leave Thailand.