You may be mixing some information. Whether 10 years or not depends on what visa you mean actually.
1. Non-O based on being over 50 (retirement/pensioner) single entry gives you 90 days on entry, and you can apply for a 1-year extension every year, unlimitedly as long as you meet the requirements.
2. Non-OA (so-called long-stay visa, also based on being over 50) is multiple entry and gives you 365 days (or the same as insurance validity) on entry every time for 1-year visa validity (with this you may be able to stay for nearly two years). You can apply for a 1-year extension every year, unlimitedly as long as you meet the requirements. Or you can apply for a new Non-OA again.
3. Non-OX (so-called long-stay 10-year visa, also based on being over 50) is multiple entry and gives you 5 years on the first entry, and you will be stamped until the same date on every entry for 5-year visa validity. You can apply for a 5-year extension at the end of the first 5 years. You may be able to apply for the same visa again after 10 years.
4. LTR-P (Long-term residence visa) is working similar to Non-OX. requirements and benefits are different from Non-OX.
If your son is eligible for a 30-day tourism extension, he can apply for one at the local immigration office. As the last day is on office closure, he will get the stamp that says the overstay fine is waived and he can get a tourism extension as normal.
Next time, don't wait until the last day for a tourism extension as it will be added to the entry stamp (top-up), no downside to doing it earlier.
You need to talk with your university if they and your course are eligible for Non-ED plus first. You also need to talk with the local immigration office if your case if eligible for Non-ED plus.
In case both of them say you can apply for Non-ED Plus.
You cancel your extension based on employment with the termination letter from your employer first. Then apply for Non-ED plus. As of this point, you cannot work anymore.
IF wither say no, not eligible, you cannot get Non-ED PLUS. You need to find another way.
, no you cannot have two different type visa or extension. As long as you work, you cannot get Non-ED based visa or extension. Your current extension is not for two purpose, only for employment. You have two documents from both jobs to get WP for both.
If you want to apply for Non-ED Plus, you need to talk with your university if they and your course are eligible, and you NEED to stop working completely as Non-ED is employment prohibited.
If you continue working on an extension based on employment by the same employer, you don't need documents from your university to apply for another extension based on employment.
You can study on that extension based on working, no problem.
Get the same paperwork from your employer and apply for a 1-year extension based on employment as you did last year.