No, you don't need to spend any time in Camboida, you already have a visa for Thailand you can come and go as you please. You'll need to do the Thaipass though to reenter Thailand and spend 1 night in a test and go when reentering Thailand.
Not a stupid question, the Non-OA is confusing. If your Non-OA expires on May 1st, as long as you enter Thailand before May 1st (so April 30th) you'll be stamped in for another year.
Remember, in Thailand and visa and a permission to stay in yhe country are 2 different things. The visa just allows you into yue country. Simular to a 60 day tourist visa, if you enter on the last day the tourist visa is valid for, you'll still be stamped in for 60 days.
Non-OA you're stamped in for the duration of your health insurance, it it's less than 1 year.
Your only real option at this point is to leave the country and come back in, Cambodia is the easiest option. If you have 1 years worth of insurance, you'll be stamped in for another year when you reenter.
No, embassy letter is not required if you're eligible for the covid extension (which everyone is). It was only required last round because non immigrant visa holders were excluded from the covid extensions. That's not the case anymore.